Statistical Designs for Stature Estimation by Cephalic and Nasal Metrics Among Jordanians
Keywords:
Forensic Anthropology, Stature-estimation Model, Cephalic Dimensions, Nasal Metrics, JordanAbstract
This study was carried out to evaluate a group of cephalic and nasal metrics as stature predictors among a sample of living adult Jordanians; 352 males and 391 females. The subjects were chosen from three northern Jordanian governorates. The three cephalic; length, width and circumference, and two nasal morphometrics; nasal breadth and height were measured and analyzed statistically by SPSS 22. The findings revealed that Pearson’s correlations of stature with all measures were significant, but weakly associated. Correlations of stature were (0.277, p< 0.01) with cephalic length, (0.238, p < 0.01) with width, (0.165, p < 0.01) with circumference, (0.534, p < 0.01) with nasal height, and (0.440, p< 0.01) with nasal breadth. Multiple linear regression (MLR) model was conducted for the combined data of both sexes. The findings showed that R square was 34.9%. In addition, all dimensions, except head circumference, contributed to the model significantly. The second model for stature estimation was designed by principal component analysis (PCA), which reduced the five cephalic and nasal dimensions into two components. Results of MLR on both components revealed a lower R square of 32.8%. We concluded that the designed models of stature prediction by cephalic and nasal metrics were weak, and to improve their strength, they should be combined with another stature proxy.
References
Khan, M. A., Verma, M., Dwivedi, P., Hasan, S. B., & Verma, A. K. (2024). Estimation of sex from the bucco-lingual dimension of tooth among North Indian population. Cureus, 16(4), e58495. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.58495
Ali, S. H. M., Omar, N., Shafie, M. S., Ismail, N. A. N., Hadi, H., & MohdNor, F. (2020). Sex estimation using subpubic angle from reconstructed three-dimensional computed tomography pelvic model in a contemporary Malaysian population. Anatomy & Cell Biology, 35(1), 35–37.
Garvin, H. (2020). Adult sex estimation from cranial morphological traits. In A. R. Klales (Ed.), Sex estimation of the human skeleton: History, methods, and emerging techniques (pp. 95–112). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815767-1.00007-9
Gillet, C., Costa-Mendes, L., Rérolle, C., Telmon, N., Manet, D., & Savall, F. (2020). Sex estimation in the cranium and mandible: A multislice computed tomography (MSCT) using anthropometric and geometric morphometry method. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 134(2), 823–832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-019-02203-0
Zaghloul, N., Khater, S. A., & Badawy, W. (2019). Sex and stature determination from maxillo-facial anthropometry in adult Egyptian population sample. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology, 19(2), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2019.10178.1053
Shah, T., Patel, M. N., Nath, S., & Menon, S. K. (2015). Determination of sex using cephalo-facial dimensions by discriminant function and logistic regression equations. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 6(2), 114–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2015.03.004
Agnihotri, A. K., Kachhwaha, S., Googoolye, K., & Allock, A. (2011). Estimation of stature from cephalo-facial dimensions by regression analysis in Indo–Mauritian population. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 18, 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2011.02.006
Oladipo, G. S., Olabiyi, A. O., Oremosu, A. A., & Noronha, C. C. (2007). Nasal indices among major ethnic groups in southern Nigeria. Scientific Research and Essays, 2(1), 20–22. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE.900067
Kedia, N. B., Yadav, S. K., Yadav, A. B., Mishra, D., & Shahi, P. (2024). Anthropometric investigation of cephalic parameters for stature estimation: Through regression analysis. National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery, 15(1), 82–86. https://doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_101_22
Navaei, F., Chaffari, N., Mogaverrostami, S., Dodongeh, M., Nemati, M., & Hassanzadeh, C. (2018). Stature estimation from facial measurements in medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences: An Iranian population. Iraqi Medical Journal, 2(3), 68–71. https://iraqmedj.org/index.php/imj/article/view/441
Krishan, K. (2008). Estimation of stature from cephalo-facial anthropometry in North Indian population. Forensic Science International, 181, 52.e1–52.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.08.001
Jeamamornrate, V., Monum, T., Keereewan, W., & Mahakkanulrauh, P. (2022). Stature estimation using the sternum in a Thai population. Anatomy & Cell Biology, 55(2), 170–178. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.22.045
Nanagara, P., Mahacharoen, T., Intasuwan, P., & Mahakkanukrauh, P. (2023). Estimation of stature based on metatarsal bone in a Thai population. International Journal of Morphology, 41(3), 985–995. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022023000300985
Zaher, J. F., El-Ameen, N. F. M., & Seedhom, A. E. (2011). Stature estimation using anthropometric from computed tomography of metacarpal bones among Egyptian population. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 1(2), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2011.03.002
Meadows, L., & Jantz, R. (1992). Estimation of stature from metacarpal length. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 37(1), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS13222J
Musgrave, J. H., & Harnega, N. K. (1978). The estimation of adult stature from metacarpal bone length. American Journal of Biological Anthropology, 48(1), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330480117
Karmalkar, A. S., & Nikam, V. R. (2021). Prediction of stature from long bones versus hand and foot measurements: A comparative study of the Kolhapur population. National Medical Journal of India, 34(3), 154–157. https://doi.org/10.25259/nmji_79_20
Açikgöz, A. K., Erkman, A. C., Binokay, F., Göker, P., & Bozkir, M. G. (2021). Stature estimation from radiographic measurement in adult Anatolian population. International Journal of Morphology, 39(3), 809–815.
Khan, A. Z., Jahan, N., & Haque, M. (2020). Estimation of stature based on hand length among students of Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 7(3), 271–276.
Mohamed, I., Saleem, M., Zulkifly, N., Ismail, D., Huri, M. A. M., Hisham, S., et al. (2020). Estimation of stature from hand and handprint measurements in monoethnic Maldivian population. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 54(1), 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2020.1759685
Mohamadon, E., Alias, A., Abu Bakar, S. N., Nor, F. M., Mohamed, A., Rosman, D. R., et al. (2018). Predictive role of hand and foot dimensions for stature estimation in the Malaysian population. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 52(2), 178–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2018.1510028
Pal, A., De, S., Sengupta, P., Maity, P., & Dhara, P. C. (2016). Estimation of stature from hand dimensions in Bengalee population, West Bengal, India. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 6(2), 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2016.03.001
Varu, P. R., Manvar, P. J., Mangal, H. M., Kyada, H. C., Vadgama, D. K., & Bhuva, S. D. (2015). Determination of stature from hand dimensions. Journal of Medical Research, 1(3), 104–107.
Ozaslan, A., Karadayi, B., Kolusayin, M. O., & Kaya, A. (2012). Predictive role of hand and foot dimensions in stature estimation. Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine, 20(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2012.41
Jasuja, O. P., & Singh, G. (2004). Estimation of stature from hand and phalange length. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 26(3), 100–106.
Abdel-Malek, A. K., Ahmed, A. M., El Sharkawi, S. A. E., & Abd El Hamid, N. A. E. (1990). Prediction of stature from hand measurements. Forensic Science International, 46(3), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(90)90304-H
Zhang, X., Zheng, L., Wei, Y., Yu, K., Zhao, D., Lu, S., et al. (2017). Estimation of stature using dimensions of the right hand and foot in Han Chinese adults. Science China Life Sciences, 60(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-016-0051-8
Rhiu, I., & Kim, W. (2019). Estimation of stature from finger and phalange lengths in a Korean adolescent. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 38, Article 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-019-0206-1
Agrawal, J., Raichandani, L., Kataria, S. K., & Raichandani, S. (2013). Estimation of stature from hand length and length of phalanges. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2(50), 9651–9656. https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/1672
Mojverrostami, S., Mokhtari, T., Malekzadeh, M., Noori, L., Kazemzadeh, S., Ijaz, S., et al. (2019). Stature estimation based on fingers anthropometry in Iranian population. Anatomical Sciences, 16(2), 87–92. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-208-en.html
Ahmed, A. A. (2013). Estimation of stature from the upper limb measurements of Sudanese adults. Forensic Science International, 228(1-3), 178.e1–178.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.008
Ahmed, A. A. (2013). Estimation of stature using lower limb measurements in Sudanese Arabs. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 20(5), 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2013.03.019
Noor, F. M., Abdullah, N., Mustapa, A., Wen, L. Q., Faisal, N. A., & Nazari, D. A. A. A. (2013). Estimation of stature by using lower limb dimensions in the Malaysian population. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 20(8), 947–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2013.09.006
Sharma, S., Kumar, S., Singh, B., Kumar, H., & Yadav, P. K. (2024). Stature estimation from humerus bone in Gorkha population. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 46(2), 267–271. https://doi.org/10.48165/jiafm.2024.46.2.15
Pandy, N., Chaudhary, D. M., & Yadav, S. K. (2024). Estimation of stature from head length and breadth in undergraduate medical students: An anthropometric study. Medical Journal of Eastern Nepal, 3(1), 4–7. https://doi.org/10.3126/mjen.v3i01.67437
Shah, P., & Thangavelu, L. (2021). Estimation of stature from head length and breadth: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Dental and Oral Science, 8(3), 2052–2055. https://doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-21000404
Prasad, I. M., & Sheikh, N. A. (2020). Estimation of stature from head length and head breadth by regression analysis in Southern India population. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 13(3), 427–432. https://doi.org/10.21088/ijfmp.0974.3383.13320.10
Sagar, S., & Nath, S. (2014). Estimation of stature from different head and face measurements among male and female Jatavs of Delhi. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(9), 52–55. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19945255
Prenetha, R., & Babu, K. Y. (2022). Stature estimation using head circumference. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 13(Suppl 1), S140–S143. https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_2017_22
Bhattacharjee, D., & Ghosh, J. R. (2018). Estimation of stature from cephalo-facial measurements in adult Nepali females of Kurseong. Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology, 4(1), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.4118.2
Ahmad, A. A., & Taha, S. (2016). Cephalo-facial analysis to estimate stature in a Sudanese population. Legal Medicine, 20(3), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.04.008
Dihrubhai, V. R., & Jayantilal, M. P. (2018). Estimation of stature and nasal height and breadth for population in and around Rajkot of Gujarat. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 11(1), 23–26. https://doi.org/10.21088/ijfmp.0974.3383.11118.4
Shrestha, R. N., Banstola, D., Nepal, D., & Baral, P. (2016). Estimation of stature from nasal length. Journal of Nepal Medical Association, 55(204), 76–78.
Bass, W. (1995). Human osteology (4th ed.). Missouri Archaeological Society.
Park, S., Yi, Y., Jsengel, B., Kim, J., Chun, D., Won, S. H., et al. (2021). Adult stature estimation from radiographic metatarsal length in a contemporary Korean population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10363. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910363
Reddy, M., Reddy, V., Wadhwan, V., & Wenkatesh, A. (2018). Correlation and estimation of stature from cephalo-facial measurements: A study on Western Uttar Pradesh population. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 10(2), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfo.jfds_30_16
Keche, A. S., & Keche, H. A. (2022). Estimation of stature by head length in central India. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, 10(1), 393–396.
