Application of rock phosphate in composting improving the quality of compost
Keywords:
alkalineAbstract
Indian rock phosphate are of low grade and usually not suitable for the manufacture of phosphatic fertilizer (Manna et al., 2003). Phosphocompost prepared by composting organic wastes with different graded dose of Missouri rock phosphate @ 1, 4 and 8% of substrate, was reported to be comparable to single super phosphate in its effect on yield and phosphorus uptake in crops (Mishra et al. 1982, Banga et al. 1985). India has large deposit of rock phosphate but only 30% of it is in use. Direct application of rock phosphate has given good response in acid soil (Waigwa et al. 2003) but no effect in natural and alkaline soil (Hundal and Sekhon 1976, Rahman and Hajra, 2003). Mathur et al. (1980) observed that citrate soluble phosphorus content was increased on composting of Missouri rock. The P use efficiency is low as the water- soluble phosphate when applied to soil is quickly converted into unavailable forms by precipitation or adsorption with AV Fe in acidic (Chakravarti and Talibudeen 1962) and with Ca in alkaline condition. On the contrary organic forms of phosphorus immobilized in microbial cells are mineralized slowly (Dinesh et al, 2002) and made available to the plant regularly for a longer period increasing the P- use efficiency significantly. An attempt was made in the present study to quantify the quality improvement of compost by P enrichment through rock phosphate at different doses with decomposable organic matter during composting.Downloads
References
Banga, K. C., Yadva, K. S. and Mishra, M. M. 1985. Transformation of rock phosphate during composting and effect of Humic acid. Plant and Soil, 85:259-266.
Chakravarti SN and Talibudcen O. (1962). Phosphate
equilibria in acid soil. J. Soil Sci., 13:231-240. Dash, R..N, Mohanty, S. K. and Patnaik, S. 1988. Influence of reactivity of phosphate rock on phosphorus solubilization by Dhaincha. J. Ind. Soc. Soil Sci., 36:375-378.
Dinesh, R., Ganeshamurthy, A., Chaudhary, S. G. and Prasad, G. S. 2002. Mobilization of rock phosphate by amending with fresh cow dung. EDTA and earthworms in an acid soil. Ind. J. Agril. Sci., 72(2): 117-121.
Hundal, H. S. and Sekhon, G. S. 1976. Efficiency of
Missouri rock phosphate as a source of P fertilizer. J.Agril. Sci. Comb., 87:665-669.
Jackson, M. L. 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi, India, pp. 134-182. Manna, M. C., Ghosh, P. K. and Ganguly, T. K. 2003.
Comparative performance of four source of enriched phosphor-compost and inorganic fertilizer application on yield, uptake of nutrient and biological activity of soil under soybean - wheat crop rotation. J. Food Agriculture & Environ., 1(2): 203-208.
Mathur, B. S., Sarkar, A. K. and Mishra, B. 1980 Release of nitrogen and phosphorus from composting charged with rock phosphate. J. Indian Soc. Soll Sci., 28: 206-212.
Mishra, M. M., Kapoor, K. K. and Yadav, K. S. 1982. Effect of compost enriched with Missouri rock phosphate on crop yield. Ind. J. Agril. Sci., 52: 674-678.
Mishra, U. K., Das, N. and Pattanayak, S. K. 2002.
Fertilizer value of indigenous phosphate rock modified by mixing with pyrite and composting with paddy straw. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 50 (3): 259-264.
Nazirkar, R. B., Rasal, P. H., Pawar, K. B., Jadhav, S. K., Jadhav, B. R. 2004. Response of phosphocompost on the yield and soil properties of Kharif crop. J. Maharastra Agril. Uni., 29(2): 237-239. Rahman, F. H. and Hajra, J. N. 2003. Enrichment of cow dung manure appropriation of rock phosphate: pyrite ratio for maximum dissolution of rock phosphate during decomposition. Indian Agriculture, 47 (1-2): 13-19.
Singh, C. P. and Amberger, A. 1991. Solubilization and availability of phosphorus during decomposition of rock phosphate enriched straw and urine. Biol. Agril. Hort., 7: 261-269.
Singh, C. P., Mishra, M. M. and Yadav, K. S. 1982. Solubilization insoluble phosphate by hemophilic fungi. Ann. Alicrobial (Inst. Pasteur), 131B: 289- 296.
Sreenivas, C. H. and Narayanasamy, G. 2003. Preparation and characterization of phosphocompost: Effect of rock phosphate source Penrichment and pyrite level.J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 51 (3): 262-267. Tian, G. and Kolawole, G. O. 2004. Comparison of various plant residues as rock phosphate amendment on savanna soil. J. Plant Nutrition, 27(4): 571-583. Vanden Berghe, C. H 1996. Effect of Motongo rock phosphate and urea as compared to diammonium phosphate in composting process. Fert. Res., 45: 51-59.
Walgwa, M. W., Othieno, C. O. and Okalebo, J. R. 2003. Phosphorus availability as affected by the application of phosphate rock combined with organic material to acid soil, Exp. Agricultural, 39(4):395-407.
