Application of Behavioural Biometrics and Biomarkers for Calving Prediction in Bovines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.21.3.01Keywords:
Behaviour, Biomarker, Bovine, Hormones, Parturition, PredictionAbstract
Timely and accurate prediction of parturition in bovine is crucial for optimizing maternal and fetal health, preventing dystocia and minimizing periparturient complications. A multi-modal approach that integrates behavioural, physiological and molecular indicators enables more precise calving prediction. Behavioural cues, such as increased frequency of lying and tail-raising in the final six hours before parturition, combined with pelvic ligament relaxation triggered by elevated estrogen and relaxin, offer reliable external signs of impending parturition. Key physiological markers include a significant drop in body temperature, vaginal temperature and ruminoreticular temperature, alongside hormonal shifts particularly a decrease in progesterone and increases in prostaglandin F2α and estradiol (E2), all of which are having significance in predicting parturition. Advanced monitoring systems and automated sensors capable of tracking these parameters have proven valuable in improving periparturient cow management. Biomarkers, such as increased levels of metalloproteinases, lactate dehydrogenase, α1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin, combined with a decrease in transthyretin, further signal the onset of parturition. In addition, distinct metabolite profiles including changes in prostaglandins and lipid metabolites such as glycerophospholipids, lysophosphatidylcholines, and sphingolipids, provide molecular insights into the proximity of parturition. This comprehensive approach, combining behavioural, endocrine and biochemical markers, enhances the accuracy of parturition prediction, ultimately improving reproductive success and reducing reproductive losses in cattle.
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